The total bi-directional bandwidth remains at 40Gbps, but a single device can now use the full 20Gbps.
Thunderbolt 2 bonds these channels together to enable 20Gbps in each direction. That meant no individual device could get access to more than 10Gbps of bandwidth, which isn’t enough to send 4K video. The original Thunderbolt spec called for 4 independent 10Gbps channels (2 send/2 receive). What’s new in TB2 is its support for channel bonding. You can use all previous Thunderbolt peripherals with the Mac Pro. The interface is fully backwards compatible with Thunderbolt 1.0. How does Thunderbolt 2 differ from the original? For starters, it really would’ve been more accurate to call it Thunderbolt 4K. The FirePro’s display outputs are available via any two of the six Thunderbolt 2 ports, as well as the lone HDMI port on the back of the Mac Pro. Here’s where Apple’s custom PCB work comes in handy as all of this is done internal to the Mac Pro. On a DIY PC you enable display output over Thunderbolt 2 by running an extra cable out of the discrete GPU and into a separate input that muxes the signal with PCIe and ships it out via another port as Thunderbolt. Typically you’d route all display through processor graphics, but in the case of IVB-EP there is no integrated graphics core. Pairing Thunderbolt 2 with Ivy Bridge EP is a bit tricky as Apple uses Thunderbolt 2 for display output as well as data.
These are the fully configured controllers, each supporting and driving two Thunderbolt 2 connectors on the back of the Pro for a total of 6 ports. The new Mac Pro integrates three Intel Falcon Ridge Thunderbolt 2 controllers.
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